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AP Physics B Syllabus
DCPS CONTENT STANDARDS: Scientific Investigation and Inquiry: P.1. Broad Concept: Scientific progress is made by asking relevant questions and conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understanding this concept, and to address the content in this grade, students should develop their own questions and perform investigations. Motion and Forces: P.2. Broad Concept: Newton’s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of a vast variety of objects. Conservation of Energy and Momentum: P.3. Broad Concept: The laws of conservation of energy and momentum provide independent approaches to predicting and describing the motion of objects. Mechanics of Fluids: P.4. Broad Concept: All objects experience a buoyant force when immersed in a fluid Heat & Thermodynamics: P.5. Broad Concept: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; however, in many processes energy is transformed into the microscopic called heat energy, that is, the energy of the disordered motion of atoms. As a basis for understanding this concept, students: Waves: P.6. Broad Concept: Waves carry energy from place to place without the transfer of matter. Electromagnetism: P.7. Broad Concept: The phenomena that fall into the categories known as electrostatics and electromagnetism are due respectively to the behavior of stationary and moving charged particles. Nuclear Physics: P.8. Broad Concept: Nuclear processes are those in which an atomic nucleus changes; they include radioactive decay of naturally occurring and man-made isotopes and nuclear fission and fusion processes.
Text Physics Principles with Applications 5th Edition Douglas C. Giancoli Foundations of Physics, Hsu, Tom, CPO Science 2004; Physics Investigations, Physics: A Laboratory Manual, Puri, Zober & Zober 2001, Pearson Custom Publishing
Assignments Students are expected to complete problem sets for each chapter. Students will also include in class group problem solving, lectures, discussions, peer tutoring, in class design challenges and the maintenance of interactive notebooks. Notebooks include out of class processing of lecture notes, chapter summaries, design challenges, labs, and reflection on learning, parent input and recording of parental learning’s from student teaching.
Labs Labs are generally open-ended. Students are given an objective, e.g. “Determine the coefficient of static friction of wood on wood”, and standard materials – string, ruler, protractor, mass set, light pulley, etc. Students are allowed to create their own experimental design, but ultimately most of the lab designs must lead to the collection of data which can be analyzed through graphical methods. Students must graph by hand using a ruler and graph paper, but are encouraged to check their work with a spread-sheet or statistical functions on their graphing calculators. Students work in pairs, but each student must submit a lab report which is turned in the day after the conclusion of each activity, then graded and returned. Students are required to keep the reports in their notebooks in case the college of their choice requires evidence, artifacts or documentation prior to awarding college credit for physics.Week 1-4 Topics: Newton’s Laws of Motion Weight and Weightlessness Friction Inclined Plane Torque Scalars and Vectors Motion in one Dimension Projectile Motion Labs: Projectile Motion – Relationship between θ and Range Elastic Force in Rubber Bands – Nonlinear spring Prediction and reproduction of kinematics graphs with motion detector Determination of acceleration due to gravity Inclined Plane – Coefficient of friction Atwood Machine Week 5 Topics: Uniform Circular Motion Newton’s Law of Gravitation Circular Orbits Labs: Uniform Circular Motion – Relationships between F and r Coffee Filters and little g Week 6-9 Topics: Work, Energy, and Power Conservation of Energy Conservation of Mechanical Energy Linear Momentum Impulse-Momentum Theorem Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum Labs: Conservation of Mechanical Energy Spring-mass system – Loop Track Domino Rally Conservation of Linear Momentum – Straight Track Design your own pool table Week 10-11 Topics: Mechanical Equilibrium Angular Momentum Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum Simple Harmonic Motion Graphs of SHM Simple Pendulum Spring-Mass system Labs: Spring-Mass System – Force sensor Simple Pendulum - Photogate Bungee Jump Barbie Week 12-14 Topics: Hydrostatics Fluid Pressure Pascal’s Principle Archimedes Principle Fluid Dynamics Continuity Equation Bernoulli’s Equation Labs: Density Using Archimedes Principle Hero’s Engine People on a Raft Week 15-17 Topics: Heat Temperature Thermal Expansion Heat Transfer Ideal Gas Laws and PV diagrams Kinetic Theory and rms speed of gas molecules Avogadro’s number and Boltzmann’s constant First law of Thermodynamics Reversible Thermodynamic Processes Heat Engines and Carnot Cycle Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy Labs: Gassy Labs for thermal energy and gas laws Gas laws in action Boyle’s Law Week 18-20 Topics: Electrostatics Coulomb’s Law Electric Field Motion of Charged Particle in Electric Field Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential Capacitors Labs: Mapping Electric Fields I: Plotting equipotential and field lines Building and testing Leyden Jars and Electroscopes Charge on an Electron: Coulomb’s Law Week 21-23 Topics: Electric Current, Resistance, and EMF Electrical Resistivity, Power, and Energy Resistors in Series and Parallel Kirchoff’s Rules Magnetic Fields Magnetic Force on Electric Current Magnetic Field due to Current Magnetic Flux Electromagnetic Induction Labs: Ohm’s Law and Internal Resistance Resistors in Series and Parallel Design and build toy electric cars Design, build and test electric motors Week 24-25 Topics: Traveling Waves Properties of Sound Standing Wave and Beats Doppler Effect Labs: Standing Waves on a String Standing Waves for sound in a pipe Palm Pipes Week 26-28 Topics: Reflection: Law of Reflection Refraction Snell’s Law Total Internal Reflection Image Formation by Plane and Spherical Mirrors Image Formation by Lenses Image Formation by a Two-Lens System Interference Superposition Principle Double-Slit Interference Diffraction Single Slit Double Slit: Superposition of Interference and Diffraction Patterns Diffraction grating Polarization: Qualitative Labs: Verification of the Laws of Reflection and Refraction Image formation by Spherical Mirrors and Lenses Young’s Double-Slit Experiment Single Slit Diffraction and Diameter of Hair Snell’s Law Bouncing Light Beams Week 29-31 Topics: Photoelectric Effect Energy and Linear Momentum of Photon Energy Levels in an Atom Ionization Energy Emission Spectrum Absorption Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum DeBroglie Hypothesis: Davisson-Germer experiment Compton Effect Nuclear Symbols: Mass Number and Atomic Number Nuclear Reactions α, β, and γ decay Neutrino Nuclear Forces Nuclear Fission and Chain Reaction E = mc2 and applications to Nuclear Reactions Labs: Photoelectric Effect Atom Building Game Spectrum of H and Planck’s constant
At appropriate points in the course, each of the above laboratory investigations will be presented to the students in the form of a problem. Very often a demonstration of a physical phenomenon will be presented to the class and an explanation of the event will be requested. Students will be encouraged to discuss, confer, and debate about possible solutions to the problem – to form hypotheses. In the course of this discussion, they are to identify the variables that are at work in the phenomenon and then to decide how those variables may be manipulated given the available equipment and time. They are then to develop ways of isolating and manipulating these variables so as to test their hypotheses – to design an experiment. Groups of students may be formed to test different variables. Observations and, whenever possible, measured data will be taken from these tests. Results will be presented to the class and judgments will be made as to what conclusions can be drawn from the data, including possible experimental errors and how the experiment could be improved or expanded. Lastly, the students will be presented with the modern, “accepted” explanation or “expected” result. The students are then to discuss possible reasons for their variation from the expected result (error analysis). Students will produce a formal report summarizing the following: Problem/question Hypothesis Experimental procedure Data/observations Calculations Conclusion and error analysis
APRIL Review of all materials for the AP Exam: Review process will involve students conducting research design experiments using open ended free response problems and appropriate homework problems. This process also includes practice problem solving with past AP exam materials. After the exam students will participate in engineering design projects.
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